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A beta-hydroxy acid related to salicylates: in skin care it helps oily skin and comedones, while medically it must be distinguished from aspirin and dietary salicylates.

Plant glycosides from legumes, herbs, quinoa, fenugreek, ginseng, and some vegetables can foam, interact with membranes, and influence bile acids, microbiota, and taste. Their effect depends on dose and processing: in foods they may be part of the plant matrix, while extracts more often cause gut irritation and medication risks.

A lignan from flaxseed and some whole plant foods; gut microbiota can convert it into enterodiol and enterolactone, so its effect depends on diet and gut ecology.

SIBO is small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth, a syndrome in which bloating and gas reflect not only fermentation itself, but also motility, bile flow, stomach acid, prior infections, diet and the conditions that allow overgrowth to persist.

Sideroblastic anemia is a form of anemia in which iron is present but not incorporated into heme correctly, so what matters is not only hemoglobin but also iron handling, bone-marrow biology, B-vitamin status, toxins and the causes of impaired blood formation.

Sugars made of one or two sugar units: glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose and maltose. They enter metabolism quickly, but their effect depends on dose, food matrix, liquid form, pairing with protein and fat, liver status and insulin sensitivity.

Striated muscle tissue is controlled by the nervous system, contracts through actin-myosin fibers, and determines strength, movement, posture, glycogen storage, and metabolic flexibility. It needs protein, electrolytes, mitochondria, blood flow, and regular stimulus.

The system of muscles attached to bones enables movement, posture, heat production, insulin sensitivity, and much of glucose disposal. Preserving it requires protein, resistance training, sleep, electrolytes, enough energy, and recovery, not exercise alone.

The main site of digestion and absorption, where enzymes, bile, villi, immune cells, and the microbiota interact. Its condition shapes tolerance of fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals, and symptoms may require evaluation for malabsorption, SIBO, celiac disease, or inflammation.

A peptide hormone that acts as a physiological brake for the pituitary gland, pancreas, and digestive tract. It matters in rare neuroendocrine conditions, growth hormone disorders, glucose disturbances, and treatment with somatostatin analogues.

Pituitary growth hormone regulates childhood growth, tissue repair, lipolysis, bone and muscle maintenance, but it also affects insulin sensitivity. It is interpreted through symptoms, IGF-1, and formal stimulation or suppression tests, not through a random blood draw alone.

The spinal cord carries signals between the brain and the body, controls reflexes, sensation, movement, and autonomic functions. Symptoms such as weakness, numbness, bladder changes, gait problems, or radiating pain require careful assessment because compression of nerve structures can be urgent.

This immune and blood-filtering organ helps respond to infections, remove old red blood cells, and store some blood cells. Diet does not directly “heal the spleen,” while anemia, infections, liver disease, trauma, and absence of the spleen require medical attention.

This lipid precursor of cholesterol and steroid synthesis occurs in olive oil, amaranth oil, and human sebum. It should not be confused with cosmetic squalane: dietary squalene is part of a fat matrix, not a proven standalone anti-aging or liver treatment.

The classic ketogenic pattern uses very low carbohydrate intake, moderate protein, and a higher fat share to support nutritional ketosis and glucose control. Food quality, electrolytes, adequate protein, medication safety, and medical limits matter more than chasing a mechanical fat percentage.

Ordinary table sugar: a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose. For keto, sucrose is problematic because it combines a fast glucose rise, fructose load on the liver, weak satiety and easy overconsumption in drinks, desserts, sauces and processed foods.

A sulfur-containing compound formed from glucoraphanin in cruciferous vegetables with the help of the enzyme myrosinase. It is best understood as a food-derived signal for antioxidant and stress-response pathways, not as a universal detox supplement.