Beryllium — is a light and strong metal that, due to its high thermal and electrical conductivity, is widely used in the aerospace industry, electronics, and nuclear energy.
Despite its technological advantages, beryllium is toxic and requires strict control when working with it.
History and Origin
Beryllium was discovered in 1798 by the French chemist Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin, who isolated it from the mineral beryl. However, the pure metal was obtained later — in 1828, thanks to the work of Friedrich Wöhler.
In the 19th century, beryllium was used in the form of compounds in the glass and ceramics industries.
In the 20th century, it began to be actively used in nuclear energy and the aerospace industry.
Impact on Human Health
Beryllium is toxic and dangerous when inhaled as dust.
Chronic exposure can cause berylliosis — an inflammatory lung disease that can progress to fibrosis. The disease develops slowly, and symptoms may appear after months or even years.
Possible interactions with beryllium include:
- cough;
- shortness of breath;
- chest pain;
- general malaise.
Allergic reactions, including skin reactions, are also possible.
Increased sensitivity to beryllium makes it particularly dangerous even at minimal exposure levels.
Precautionary Measures
Working with beryllium requires strict adherence to safety measures. Personal protective equipment is necessary:
- respirators — to prevent inhalation of dust;
- gloves — to avoid skin contact;
- safety goggles — to protect the eyes.
The work area should be well-ventilated or equipped with exhaust systems.
Regular medical examinations allow for the early detection of signs of intoxication.
Waste containing beryllium must be disposed of separately, in accordance with environmental regulations.