F
A deliberate temporary break from food can affect glucose, insulin, ketones, appetite and eating behavior, but it is not suitable for everyone and should not become punishment. Safety depends on duration, medications, baseline health, electrolytes and the quality of meals between fasting periods.
A dietary macronutrient that provides energy, helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins, supports bile flow, hormonal context and food flavor. On keto, fats matter, but quality, tolerance and fatty-acid balance are just as important as the amount.
A plant polyphenol found in whole grains, seeds, vegetables, coffee, herbs, and plant cell walls. It is relevant as an antioxidant and microbiota-related food component, but in a low-carbohydrate diet real sources and tolerance matter more than supplement promises.
A process of excessive connective tissue formation after chronic injury, inflammation, or organ stress. It matters in the liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, pancreas, and other tissues because scarring changes organ structure and gradually reduces function.
The synthetic form of vitamin B9 is needed for DNA synthesis, blood formation, and proper cell division, and is especially important during pregnancy and the risk of folate deficiency. However, folic acid is not automatically equivalent to natural dietary folates, and its excess can mask a deficiency of B12, so it is useful to evaluate it alongside diet, tests, and clinical objectives.
Folate deficiency is a state of low folate in which DNA synthesis, blood formation and the renewal of rapidly dividing tissues are impaired, so it is important to assess not only diet but also gut function, alcohol, pregnancy, medications and the link to B12 deficiency.
Folate deficiency is a state of inadequate folate supply in which cell division, blood formation, mucosal health and fetal development suffer, so it is important to assess not only diet but also alcohol, gut function, medications, pregnancy and the broader deficiency background.
FSH is a gonadotropic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates follicle maturation in women and supports spermatogenesis in men, which is why it is evaluated in the context of fertility, cycle, and gonadal function. It cannot be interpreted by a single number: its value depends on sex, age, cycle phase, menopause, and neighboring hormones, primarily LH, estradiol, testosterone, and inhibin.
Short fructose chains that act as prebiotic fiber and can feed bifidobacteria. In low-carb eating, fructooligosaccharides matter because sweetness, gut tolerance, serving size, and actual label carbohydrates do not always point in the same direction.
