V

Arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatic vessels regulate far more than transport. They shape blood pressure, oxygen delivery, inflammation, clotting, tissue metabolism, and cardiovascular risk through the health of the endothelium and the metabolic environment.

Dilated superficial veins usually reflect valve failure and increased venous pressure; nutrition can support the background, but compression, movement, and vascular assessment remain central.

Vitamin B6 deficiency is a state of low pyridoxine in which amino-acid metabolism, the nervous system, blood formation and skin health are affected, so it is important to assess not only diet but also alcohol, gut function, medications, protein status and neighboring B-vitamin deficiencies.