In addition to the essential nutrients, other substances are important on a keto diet. Prebiotics and probiotics support a healthy gut microbiota and improve digestion. Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Regular consumption of an adequate amount of water is crucial for maintaining hydration and eliminating toxins, especially with increased intake of fats and proteins.
Other Substances
Antioxidants. They reduce inflammation and slow down the aging process. A deficiency increases the risk of chronic diseases (cancer, heart disease, neurodegenerative disorders).
Berberine. Alkaloid with antimicrobial and hypoglycemic effects. Used in type 2 diabetes, obesity, to lower cholesterol and inflammation.
Betaine. Participates in the methylation and protection of the liver, regulates homocysteine. Deficiency leads to fatty liver infiltration and increased homocysteine. It is prescribed for fatty liver disease, metabolic disorders, and methionine deficiency.
Caffeine. Stimulates the CNS, increases alertness, concentration, and endurance. When lacking in the diet - fatigue (in those accustomed). Used to boost energy, sports goals, and eliminate drowsiness.
Coenzyme Q10. Antioxidant, involved in energy production in the mitochondria. Deficiency - fatigue, muscle weakness, heart problems. Used in cardiovascular diseases, chronic fatigue syndrome, and aging.
Collagen. The main protein of connective tissue, it provides elasticity to the skin and joints. In case of deficiency — skin sagging, joint pain, brittleness of nails. It is prescribed to improve the condition of the skin, joints, bones, and in cases of age-related changes.
Curcumin. Powerful anti-inflammatory action. Used for chronic inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and joint diseases.
GABA. The main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain calms the nervous system. In case of deficiency - anxiety, insomnia, seizures. Used for stress, anxiety, sleep disturbances, epilepsy.
Glutathione. The main antioxidant of cells, involved in detoxification and restoration. Deficiency leads to rapid fatigue, oxidative stress, frequent illnesses. Used in cases of intoxication, aging, autoimmune and chronic diseases.
L-carnitine. Transports fatty acids into the mitochondria, increases energy production. In case of deficiency - fatigue, obesity, muscle weakness. Prescribed for obesity, physical exertion, cardiac problems.
Lutein. Eye health, retina protection, prevention of age-related vision disorders. Insufficient care leads to vision impairment, age-related macular degeneration, cataracts.
Melatonin. Sleep hormone, regulates biorhythms, restores immunity. Deficiency - insomnia, fatigue, disruption of circadian rhythms. Used for sleep disorders, shifting time zones, immune system disorders.
Prebiotics. Health of the digestive system. Insufficient health can lead to digestive issues, decreased immunity, and an increased risk of inflammatory diseases.
Probiotics. Healthy gut microflora, improved digestion, immunity. Lack of it leads to dysbiosis, digestive issues, weakened immunity, and increased risk of infections.
Resveratrol. Antioxidant, slows down cell aging. In case of deficiency (in diet) — increased oxidative stress. Prescribed for inflammations, cardiovascular diseases, to protect blood vessels and promote longevity.
Transfer factor
Water. Supports thermoregulation, metabolism, and detoxification. Insufficient amounts can lead to headaches, fatigue, organ dysfunction, and decreased cognitive functions.