Evening primrose oil is obtained from the seeds of the Oenothera biennis plant. It is valued for its high content of gamma-linolenic acid, gentle anti-inflammatory action, and ability to support the skin, blood vessels, hormonal balance, and nervous system.
Due to its rich composition, the oil is widely used in nutrition, functional medicine, and dietetics, as well as a source of healthy fats in low-carbohydrate diets.
History and Origin
Evening primrose is native to North America, where it was traditionally used as a medicinal plant for recovery from inflammation and metabolic disorders.
By the 17th century, the plant had made its way to Europe, and later, oil was extracted from the seeds with a high concentration of the rare omega-6 fraction—gamma-linolenic acid.
Today, evening primrose oil is among the most researched plant oils for supporting skin and women’s health.
Nutritional Value
Evening primrose oil contains only fats and is completely devoid of carbohydrates, making it suitable for a keto diet.
The composition is dominated by linoleic acid, as well as significant doses of gamma-linolenic acid, vitamin E, and trace minerals.
| Calories | 884 kcal per 100 g |
| Fats | 100 g |
| Proteins | 0 g |
| Carbohydrates | 0 g |
The composition of evening primrose oil:
- linoleic acid (omega-6) – about 70-80%;
- gamma-linolenic acid – 8-12%;
- alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) – 5-10%;
- vitamin E;
- trace elements – magnesium, calcium, potassium.
Health Benefits
Gamma-linolenic acid regulates the synthesis of prostaglandins—signaling molecules involved in inflammation, hormonal regulation, skin and blood vessel condition. Because of this, evening primrose oil exhibits a comprehensive healing effect.
Main effects:
- improvement of the skin’s barrier function and reduction of dryness;
- reduction of inflammation in eczema, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis;
- support for blood vessels and lipid metabolism;
- improvement of joint mobility in chronic inflammation;
- cell protection due to antioxidants;
- support for psycho-emotional state;
- gentle assistance in regulating hormonal balance in women.
Daily Requirement and Sources
Evening primrose oil is taken in liquid form or in capsules.
- for noticeable effects on skin or hormonal background, usually 400-1000 mg of GLA per day is sufficient.
- for skin – 1 tsp of oil or 500-1000 mg of GLA;
- for joints – up to 1.5 tsp per day;
- for hormonal balance support – 1 tsp daily.
The oil is sensitive to heating and is not suitable for frying. It is used only in cold dishes.
Symptoms and Consequences of GLA Deficiency
- dry skin and tendency to irritation;
- brittle hair;
- increased inflammatory reactivity;
- more pronounced PMS symptoms;
- mood swings and stress sensitivity;
- increased joint stiffness.
Possible Risks of Excess and Their Manifestations
- excessive caloric intake;
- rarely – stomach discomfort;
- unwanted increase of omega-6 with low omega-3 intake;
- interaction with anticoagulants.
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a specialist before using the oil.
