Vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients p. 5

Sulfur. Synthesis of amino acids, collagen, and detoxification. A deficiency leads to problems with skin, joints, and delayed healing.

Pyrrolysine. Pyrrolysine is a rare amino acid used in the genetic code of some archaea and bacteria, not a human dietary nutrient. For keto and LCHF it is mainly educational and does not require supplementation.

Selenocysteine. It is part of antioxidant enzymes, important for the thyroid gland and cell protection. In case of deficiency - increased fatigue, weakness, thyroid function disorders. Used in selenium deficiency, for immune support and antioxidant protection.

Cysteine. Contains sulfur, participates in the synthesis of glutathione, collagen, and detoxification. A deficiency leads to brittle hair, weakened immunity, and poor skin. Prescribed for intoxications, skin problems, and for hair and nail growth.

Arginine. Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid and nitric oxide precursor. It is linked with vascular tone, wound healing and immune function, but supplements require caution with herpes, low blood pressure and vasodilating medications.

Tyrosine. Precursor of dopamine, norepinephrine, and thyroxine, improves focus and mood. Deficiency leads to fatigue, depression, and decreased concentration. Taken during stress, depression, and reduced thyroid function.

Serin. Serine is a non-essential amino acid needed for phospholipids, one-carbon metabolism, glycine balance and some nervous-system processes. In keto it matters as part of adequate protein intake.

Proline. Proline is an amino acid important for collagen, connective tissue, skin, ligaments, and recovery processes.

Glycine. Glycine is an amino acid important for collagen, glutathione, the nervous system, and normal recovery.

Glutamic acid. Glutamic acid is an amino acid linked to protein metabolism, nerve signaling, and the formation of GABA.

Glutamine. Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid important for gut cells, immune cells and nitrogen metabolism. The body usually makes it, but stress, trauma and heavy training can increase demand.

Aspartic acid. Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid involved in the urea cycle, energy metabolism and synthesis of other amino acids. In keto it matters as part of protein metabolism, not as a required standalone supplement.

Asparagine. Asparagine is a nonessential amino acid involved in protein metabolism, nitrogen handling, and normal cell function.

Alanine. Alanine is a non-essential amino acid involved in the glucose-alanine cycle, muscle metabolism and glucose production from non-carbohydrate sources. In keto it matters as part of protein metabolism, not as a required standalone supplement.

Histidine. Histidine is an essential amino acid important for hemoglobin, carnosine, histamine and tissue repair. In keto and LCHF it comes from complete protein; supplements deserve caution with allergies, migraines and histamine sensitivity.

Tryptophan. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and precursor of serotonin, melatonin and niacin. It matters for protein metabolism, sleep and mood, but supplements require caution with antidepressants and significant psychiatric symptoms.

Phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid and a precursor to tyrosine, important for protein metabolism and several signaling molecules.

Methionine. Methionine is an essential sulfur-containing amino acid important for methylation, protein synthesis, and homocysteine metabolism.

Threonine. Threonine is an essential amino acid important for mucosal proteins, connective tissue, and normal recovery.

Lysine. Important for growth, immunity, and calcium absorption. Deficiency leads to herpes, weakness, and slow recovery. Used for herpes, stress, and to accelerate tissue regeneration.