Isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) are a group of carbohydrates consisting of short chains of glucose linked primarily by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. They are classified as fermentable prebiotic fibers and are not broken down by the enzymes of the small intestine. The main physiological action of IMOs occurs in the large intestine through interaction with the gut microbiota, making them a functional component of nutrition.
Health Benefits
The key value of isomalto-oligosaccharides is associated with their prebiotic effect and influence on metabolic processes:
- stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli;
- promote the formation of short-chain fatty acids;
- support the integrity of the intestinal barrier;
- may reduce postprandial fluctuations in glucose;
- indirectly participate in the regulation of appetite and satiety.
Daily Requirement and Sources
There is no official daily norm established for IMOs. Practical studies have observed positive effects with a consumption of 3–10 g per day. Higher doses increase the risk of gastrointestinal discomfort.
The main sources of isomalto-oligosaccharides include:
- products of industrial starch fermentation;
- functional syrups and dietary fibers;
- products with added prebiotics.
Symptoms and Consequences of Deficiency
IMOs are not essential nutrients; however, a deficiency of fermentable fibers in general can negatively affect the state of the microbiota:
- reduced diversity of gut microbiota;
- worsening of intestinal motility;
- increased gastrointestinal sensitivity;
- decreased production of short-chain fatty acids.
Possible Risks of Excess and Their Manifestations
Excessive consumption of isomalto-oligosaccharides enhances bacterial fermentation processes in the large intestine:
- abdominal bloating;
- increased gas production;
- intestinal cramps;
- diarrhea at high doses.
Isomalto-oligosaccharides and Keto Diet
From the perspective of a ketogenic diet, IMOs represent a borderline component. Formally, they are classified as carbohydrates, but physiologically they behave like fermentable fiber and minimally affect glucose and insulin levels.
On a strict keto regimen, IMOs are permissible in limited amounts, usually 3–5 g per day, with careful consideration of individual tolerance. They can partially compensate for the deficiency of prebiotic fibers characteristic of low-carbohydrate diets.
Isomalto-oligosaccharides are not a “keto sweetener” in the strict sense, but they can be used as a functional ingredient to support microbiota and metabolic balance, provided there is moderation and control of overall carbohydrate intake.
