The pituitary gland is a small gland weighing about 0.5 grams, located at the base of the brain. It plays a central role in regulating many important bodily functions and influences the functioning of other endocrine glands.
The pituitary gland consists of two main parts: the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe produces and releases into the blood a number of hormones such as growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, and gonadotropins. The posterior lobe stores and releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.
The ketogenic diet may increase the production of growth hormone, which positively affects muscle mass growth and reduction of fat deposits.
Prolactin levels may also be elevated with a ketogenic diet, which is important for lactating women but may require monitoring in other situations.
ACTH stimulates the production of cortisol, which is important for regulating metabolism, blood sugar levels, and helping the body cope with stress. Changes in ACTH and cortisol levels may be observed during a ketogenic diet and require attention.
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