Cholesterol — is an organic compound essential for the body’s vital functions. It participates in the synthesis of cell membranes, vitamin D, hormones, and bile acids.
Despite associations with cardiovascular diseases, cholesterol plays a positive role when it is within normal limits.
The balance between its beneficial and harmful forms is important for disease prevention and maintaining overall health.
Beneficial Properties
- participates in the formation of cell membranes;
- necessary for the synthesis of steroid hormones (estrogen, testosterone, cortisol);
- contributes to the formation of vitamin D under ultraviolet light;
- is a component of bile acids that aid in the digestion of fats;
- supports the stability and permeability of nerve cell membranes.
Daily Requirement and Sources
The body is capable of synthesizing cholesterol on its own (about 80% of the total amount), while the remaining part comes from food.
The daily intake norm is:
- up to 300 mg per day — for healthy individuals;
- up to 200 mg — for those with cardiovascular risks.
Main dietary sources:
- eggs (especially yolks);
- fatty meats and offal (liver, kidneys);
- seafood;
- dairy products (cheese, cream, butter).
Symptoms and Consequences of Deficiency
- hormonal disorders (reduced libido, irregular cycles in women);
- decreased cognitive functions, impaired memory;
- disruption of vitamin D synthesis and decreased bone density;
- weakened immunity;
- emotional instability and anxiety.
Possible Risks of Excess and Their Manifestations
- formation of atherosclerotic plaques and narrowing of blood vessels;
- increased risk of heart attack and stroke;
- gallbladder disease;
- inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis);
- disruption of blood supply to organs and tissues.
Excess cholesterol is most often associated with high levels of LDL and low levels of HDL. A balanced diet, physical activity, and avoiding trans fats are important preventive measures.
