Copper is a vital microelement that plays a key role in many processes in the human body. From proper metabolism to maintaining the health of the circulatory system, copper is involved in the functioning of all organs and systems.
Role in the Human Body
Energy Production. Copper is involved in the process of converting food into energy in cells.
Collagen and Elastin. Copper is necessary for the production of collagen and elastin, which support the structure of skin and blood vessels.
Brain Activity. Copper plays a key role in neurotransmitter function, influencing cognitive functions and mood.
Antioxidant Protection. Copper is a component of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which protects cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Immune System. Copper promotes the proper functioning of the immune system, helping to protect the body from infections.
Heart Health. Copper supports the health of the cardiovascular system by promoting the formation of red blood cells.
Melanin Synthesis. Copper is necessary for the synthesis of melanin, which determines the color of skin and hair.
Wound Healing. Copper is involved in the wound healing process due to its role in collagen synthesis.
Glucose Metabolism. Copper influences glucose metabolism and may help regulate blood sugar levels.
Bone Health. Copper is necessary for maintaining bone strength and preventing osteoporosis.
Red Blood Cells. Copper plays a role in the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.
Blood Vessels. Copper helps maintain the elasticity of blood vessels.
Thyroxine. Copper is involved in the synthesis of the thyroid hormone – thyroxine.
Growth Stimulation. Copper is necessary for normal growth and development of the body.
Free Radicals. Copper helps reduce the amount of free radicals in the body.
Copper in the Skin. Copper improves skin condition, promoting its elasticity and firmness.
Bioelectricity. Copper is involved in conducting electrical impulses in nerve cells.
Blood Pressure Normalization. Copper may help normalize blood pressure.
Daily Copper Requirement and Nutrient Sources
The daily copper requirement for an adult is approximately 900 micrograms.
Sources of copper include foods such as liver, seafood, nuts, seeds, and cocoa.
Incorporating these foods into the diet will help ensure the necessary amount of copper daily.
Symptoms and Consequences of Copper Deficiency
Copper deficiency in the human body can lead to a range of diseases and symptoms. The most common among them are anemia and cardiovascular system disorders.
Other symptoms of copper deficiency include deterioration of skin, hair, and bone tissue, as well as nervous system disorders.
Insufficient copper intake may increase the risk of developing osteoporosis and vascular diseases.
Possible Risks of Copper Excess and Toxicity
An excess of copper in the body can lead to a condition known as copper toxicity. This condition is often associated with genetic diseases such as Wilson’s disease or excessive copper intake from supplements or contaminated water.
Symptoms of copper toxicity include fatigue, headaches, vomiting, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, liver failure or mental changes.
Prolonged accumulation of copper can cause serious problems, including liver and nervous system damage.
Methods for Diagnosing and Correcting Copper Levels
Diagnosis of copper levels in the body usually involves a blood test that can determine the concentration of copper and ceruloplasmin (a protein that carries copper in the blood).
Sometimes a urine test may be required to assess copper excretion from the body.
In cases of excess copper, a doctor may prescribe chelating agents that help remove excess copper from the body.
Dietary adjustments may also be necessary to limit foods high in copper.
Impact of Copper on Other Nutrients
Iron (Fe)
- Positive Influence. Copper is necessary for the proper metabolism of iron. It helps convert iron from its ferritin form to hemoglobin, which is necessary for oxygen transport in the blood.
- Balance. Copper deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia, as the process of absorption and utilization of iron is disrupted.
Zinc (Zn)
- Negative Influence. High doses of copper can inhibit zinc absorption, as they compete for the same transport pathway in the intestine.
- Balance. The copper to zinc ratio should be approximately 1:8-15. For example, if you consume 1 mg of copper, you need to consume 8-15 mg of zinc to avoid imbalance.
Molybdenum (Mo)
- Negative Influence. Molybdenum and copper can competitively affect each other’s absorption. High levels of molybdenum may contribute to copper deficiency.
- Balance. While the exact ratio is not established, it is important to maintain moderate levels of both microelements and avoid excessive intake of either.
Vitamin C
- Positive Influence. Vitamin C helps improve copper absorption, as it promotes its conversion into an easily absorbable form.
- Balance. The necessity for a specific ratio is not established, but adequate vitamin C intake supports effective copper utilization in the body.
Sulfur (S)
- Negative Influence. Sulfur in the form of sulfates can bind copper and hinder its absorption.
- Balance. It is important to avoid excessive consumption of sulfur-rich foods if you have copper level issues.
Interesting Facts
Copper in the Brain. There is a large amount of copper in the brain, especially in the area responsible for processing thoughts and memories.
However, the largest amount of copper, about 10-15%, is found in the liver.
Antibacterial Properties. Copper has antibacterial properties and can be used to disinfect water.
Culinary Uses of Copper. Copper cookware is popular among chefs due to its ability to evenly distribute heat.
Modern copper cookware is usually covered with a protective layer, making it safe for use, unlike unprotected copper cookware from the past, which could leach toxic amounts of copper into food.
Ancient Discovery. Copper was one of the first metals that humans learned to mine and use, approximately 10,000 years ago.
