Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a condition in which cells and tissues receive less oxygen than they need for normal functioning.

The lack of oxygen disrupts the work of the heart, brain, lungs, muscles, and energy metabolism, gradually leading to systemic failures.

Hypoxia can be short-term or long-term, mild or life-threatening, depending on the cause and the speed of development.

Types of Hypoxia

• Hypoxic: occurs with low oxygen content in the air or impaired delivery to the lungs;
• Hememic: develops when blood loses its ability to carry oxygen, for example, in anemia or carbon monoxide poisoning;
• Circulatory: associated with impaired blood circulation and reduced delivery of oxygen to tissues;
• Tissue: occurs when cells cannot utilize oxygen due to metabolic disorders.

Causes of Hypoxia:

1. Chronic and acute lung diseases, such as asthma or COPD;
2. Cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure and ischemia;
3. High altitude and increased physical exertion in thin air conditions;
4. Poisoning with toxic gases and substances;
5. Lack of oxygen in poorly ventilated or airtight spaces.

How Hypoxia Develops

• Blood oxygen saturation decreases;
• The functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems worsens;
• Energy production in mitochondria slows down;
• The load on the brain and heart increases;
• Oxidative stress and inflammation in tissues intensify.

Symptoms of Hypoxia:

• Shortness of breath and a feeling of air shortage;
• Fatigue and muscle weakness;
• Dizziness, headaches, tinnitus;
• Paleness or cyanosis of the skin and lips;
• Confusion, drowsiness, loss of consciousness.

Possible Consequences

• Increased risk of arrhythmias and heart failure;
• Cognitive function impairment due to brain oxygen deprivation;
• Increased lactic acid levels and development of metabolic acidosis;
• Prolonged decrease in physical endurance;
• In severe hypoxia – organ damage.

Treatment of Hypoxia

• Oxygen therapy for low blood oxygen saturation;
• Treatment of the underlying lung or heart disease;
• Detoxification in cases of poisoning;
• Restoration of ventilation in spaces with oxygen deficiency;
• Correction of anemia and restoration of hemoglobin levels.

Prevention of Hypoxia

• Gradual acclimatization when traveling to the mountains;
• Maintaining lung health and quitting smoking;
• Regular physical activity considering individual capabilities;
• Avoiding contact with toxic substances;
• Ensuring good ventilation in spaces.

Hypoxia is a condition that cannot be ignored. Timely identification of its causes and early treatment help prevent complications and restore normal oxygen saturation in tissues.