Anosmia

Anosmia is a condition in which a person partially or completely loses the ability to smell.

Olfaction plays an important role in taste perception, appetite regulation, emotional response, and safety, so its loss significantly affects quality of life.

Anosmia can develop suddenly or gradually and can be either temporary or permanent.

Causes of anosmia

• viral infections of the respiratory tract, including influenza and coronavirus diseases;
• allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa;
• head injuries that damage the olfactory nerves or brain structures;
• neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s;
• surgical interventions in the nasal area or sinuses;
• polyps in the nose or chronic sinusitis;
• exposure to toxic substances and prolonged smoking.

Symptoms of anosmia

• complete or partial loss of the ability to perceive smells;
• decreased taste sensations, as taste is closely related to smell;
• decreased appetite, changes in food preferences;
• emotional discomfort, anxiety, decreased quality of life;
• safety risks, as a person stops being able to smell smoke, gas, or spoiled food.

Diagnosis of anosmia

• examination of the nasal cavity to identify swelling, polyps, or inflammation;
• olfactory tests with a set of control odors;
• CT or MRI to assess brain structure and the condition of the olfactory pathways;
• tests to rule out allergic or infectious processes.

Treatment of anosmia:

• anti-inflammatory medications to reduce mucosal swelling;
• antihistamines for allergies;
• treatment of chronic rhinitis or sinusitis if necessary;
• olfactory training: regular inhalation of certain aromas helps restore sensitivity;
• vitamins and nutrients that support mucosal and nerve regeneration (vitamin A, omega-3, zinc);
• rehabilitation therapy after head injuries.

Conclusion

Anosmia can be either a harmless temporary phenomenon or a symptom of serious disorders. Early diagnosis helps determine the cause and choose the right treatment.

It is important not to ignore the loss of smell, especially if it occurred suddenly or persists for a long time.