ATPO (antibodies to thyroperoxidase)

Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) are specific antibodies produced by the body’s immune system in response to thyroid peroxidase—a enzyme that plays a key role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

These antibodies are often studied in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, and other disorders.

The Role of Thyroid Peroxidase in the Body

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an important enzyme that facilitates the oxidation of iodine, necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones—thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones regulate numerous metabolic processes in the body, including metabolism, growth, and development.

What are Antibodies to Thyroid Peroxidase?

Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase are formed when the immune system mistakenly recognizes TPO as a foreign protein and begins to produce antibodies to neutralize it. This can lead to damage to the thyroid gland and impairment of its function.

Causes of Elevated TPO Antibody Levels. Elevated levels of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase may be associated with various conditions, including:

• Autoimmune diseases (e.g., Hashimoto’s, Graves’ disease);
• Hypothyroidism;
• Hyperthyroidism;
• Some infectious diseases;
• Genetic factors.

Diagnosis and Testing

A test for the level of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase is usually prescribed as part of a comprehensive examination of the thyroid gland.

The doctor may recommend this test if the patient has symptoms of thyroid dysfunction, such as:

1. Fatigue and weakness;
2. Weight changes;
3. Mood changes;
4. Skin and hair problems;
5. Concentration and memory issues.

Treatment and Management

If TPO antibody levels are elevated, this may indicate the need for further examination and possibly treatment. Depending on the diagnosis, the doctor may recommend:

• Thyroid hormone replacement therapy;
• Immunomodulatory drugs;
• Regular monitoring of thyroid function.

Conclusion

Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase are an important marker for diagnosing thyroid diseases. Their levels can help doctors determine the presence of autoimmune processes and choose appropriate treatment.

Regular check-ups and attention to one’s health can help maintain normal thyroid function and overall well-being.