Biopsy for microbiome

The microbiome participates in a vast number of biochemical processes, providing:

• regulation of digestion and fermentation of fibers;
• synthesis of vitamins and metabolites that affect immunity and the nervous system;
• competitive protection against pathogenic microorganisms;
• influence on body mass, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation levels.

Disruptions in the balance of the microbiota are linked to obesity, diabetes, allergies, autoimmune diseases, mood disorders, and metabolic issues.

The method of obtaining a biopsy depends on which microbiome needs to be studied. The most common options are:

• stool analysis: reflects the state of the intestinal microbiota;
• skin scraping or swab: used to assess the skin microbiome;
• tissue biopsy: applied to study the microbiota of the lungs, stomach, intestines, and urogenital tract;
• mucosal swabs: allow for the assessment of local microbial communities in the respiratory tract, oral cavity, or vagina.

After obtaining the biopsy, the material is examined using various methods, each providing unique information.

1. Metagenomic sequencing: determines the composition of the microbiome, the relative quantity of bacteria, fungi, and viruses;
2. cultivation of microorganisms: allows for the isolation of bacteria and studying their properties;
3. metabolomics: analyzes the metabolites produced by the microbiota, reflecting its activity and influence on the organism.

The obtained data allows for a deep assessment of the state of internal microbial communities and their role in human health. This is used for:

• individual assessment of the microbiome and its deviations;
• tailoring personalized recommendations for nutrition, probiotics, and lifestyle;
• monitoring treatment effectiveness and identifying early disease risks;
• developing therapies aimed at restoring the microbiota, including prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplants.