SIBO

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition in which the number of bacteria in the small intestine exceeds the normal level.

Normally, bacteria are mainly concentrated in the large intestine, while there are few in the small intestine. When the microbiota is disrupted, bacteria begin to multiply actively in the small intestine, causing bloating, pain, and digestive disorders.

Causes of SIBO Development

The main causes are related to impaired intestinal motility and decreased protective mechanisms:

• dysfunction of the valve between the small and large intestine;
• reduced acidity of gastric juice;
• prolonged use of antibiotics;
• stress, chronic gastrointestinal diseases;
• disorders of bile secretion and pancreatic secretion;
• unbalanced diet with excess carbohydrates and lack of protein.

SIBO Symptoms

Symptoms of SIBO can vary, but the most commonly encountered include:

• bloating and a feeling of fullness in the abdomen;
• increased gas production;
• diarrhea or alternating with constipation;
• abdominal pain and cramps after eating;
• nausea, unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• fatigue, sleep disturbances, skin rashes (due to intoxication from fermentation products).

Diagnosis

The most informative method is the hydrogen breath test, which determines the levels of hydrogen and methane in the exhaled air after the intake of glucose or lactulose.

Other methods may include:

1. stool analysis for dysbiosis;
2. biochemical blood analysis;
3. endoscopy with sampling of the contents of the small intestine for culture.

SIBO Treatment

Treatment aims to eliminate the excessive flora and restore the normal microbiota of the intestine:

• dietary correction – limiting simple carbohydrates, sugar, legumes, bread, and dairy products;
• prescribing antibacterial or antimicrobial medications (based on test results);
• supporting digestion with enzyme supplements and choleretic agents;
• using probiotics and prebiotics after the treatment course;
• restoring intestinal motility and gastric acidity.

Prevention

To prevent the development of SIBO, it is important to maintain healthy digestion:

• avoid uncontrolled use of antibiotics;
• eat regularly and balanced;
• consume adequate amounts of protein and fiber;
• control stress levels and physical activity;
• monitor the condition of the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth is a reversible condition if the cause is identified in time and the balance of the microbiota is restored.

Proper nutrition and support for the digestive system are the foundation for prevention and long-term intestinal health.