Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that narrow the lumen of blood vessels and can lead to impaired blood supply to various organs and tissues. The main component of these plaques is cholesterol, which deposits in the walls of arteries.
In the early stages, atherosclerosis can be asymptomatic. As the disease progresses and the vessels narrow, symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, angina attacks, and heart rhythm disturbances may occur. Depending on the affected vessel, the symptoms can vary.
Causes and Risk Factors
The main risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis include:
High levels of LDL cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol)
The ketogenic diet, which involves consuming high amounts of fats and minimal carbohydrates, may affect blood cholesterol levels. There is a belief that the keto diet can increase the levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL, or “good” cholesterol), which may potentially protect against the development of atherosclerosis.
However, it is important to emphasize that controlling the types of fats consumed is crucial. Saturated fats and trans fats can contribute to an increase in “bad” cholesterol levels, whereas mono- and polyunsaturated fats (e.g., from olive oil, avocado, nuts) can have a positive impact on lipid profile.
Despite potential benefits, individuals at high risk of developing atherosclerosis or those with existing cardiovascular diseases should consult a doctor before starting a keto diet.
Prevention and Treatment
For the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, which includes:
A balanced diet with limited consumption of saturated fats and trans fats
Regular physical activity
Weight control
Smoking cessation
Monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar levels
In some cases, medication may be prescribed to correct blood lipid levels, as well as surgical treatment methods such as stenting or bypassing affected vessels.
