Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome refers to functional disorders of the digestive system and is manifested by abdominal discomfort, changes in stool, and increased sensitivity of the intestines.

In the absence of inflammation or structural damage, symptoms can significantly reduce quality of life and often worsen in the context of stress and dietary habits.

Symptoms and Manifestations

The clinical picture of IBS varies among individuals but usually includes a combination of several characteristic signs:

• abdominal pain or cramps that decrease after defecation;
• alternating diarrhea and constipation;
• increased gas production and bloating;
• sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation;
• presence of mucus in the stool.

Causes and Risk Factors

There is no single mechanism for the development of the syndrome; it forms under the influence of several physiological and external factors:

• dysfunction of nerve regulation between the intestines and the brain;
• stressful situations and emotional tension;
• increased sensitivity of the intestinal wall;
• dietary mistakes, excess fats, lack of fiber;
• consequences of intestinal infections;
• family predisposition.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made after excluding organic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

The doctor evaluates symptoms, conducts a physical examination, and may order blood tests, stool tests, ultrasound, or colonoscopy. In IBS, examination results usually remain within normal limits, confirming the functional nature of the disorder.

Treatment Approaches

Therapy is tailored individually, focusing on predominant symptoms and the patient’s response:

• dietary correction: elimination of foods that trigger symptoms, selection of dietary options with adequate fiber;
• normalization of emotional state: relaxation techniques, breathing practices, psychotherapeutic support;
• medications: antispasmodics, motility regulators, anxiety-reducing drugs;
• improving intestinal motility through physical activity;
• maintaining a healthy microbiota if there are disturbances after infections.

Prevention and Recommendations

It is impossible to completely prevent the syndrome, but the likelihood of exacerbations can be reduced:

• regular meals focusing on whole foods and adequate fiber intake;
• ability to manage stress and avoid emotional overload;
• moderate physical activity daily;
• maintaining a sleep schedule and avoiding harmful habits.

With a comprehensive approach and careful attention to the body’s signals, IBS symptoms can be effectively controlled, allowing for good well-being and a normal rhythm of life.