Surfactant complex

Surfactant complex is a group of active substances that can reduce surface tension between liquids or between a liquid and a solid surface. Because of this, they participate in key biological processes: respiration, digestion, emulsification of fats, and tissue protection.

In the human body, the most important is pulmonary surfactant, necessary for the normal functioning of the respiratory system.

Structure and Functions of Surfactants

The surfactant molecule consists of two parts: a hydrophilic part that interacts with water and a hydrophobic part that tends to avoid the aqueous environment. This structure allows surfactants to position themselves at the phase boundary and stabilize emulsions and foams.

In the lungs, the surfactant complex is synthesized by alveolar cells and evenly covers the inner surface of the alveoli.

Role of Pulmonary Surfactant. Pulmonary surfactant is necessary for the normal functioning of the respiratory system and performs important functions:

• reducing surface tension in the alveoli, preventing their collapse during exhalation;
• improving gas exchange between the alveoli and blood capillaries;
• participating in lung protection by reducing inflammation and preventing infection development.

Synthesis and Regulation of Surfactants

The formation of surfactants is regulated by hormonal and mechanical signals.

During inhalation, the alveoli expand, stimulating their cells to produce the surfactant layer.

A deficiency of these substances is particularly dangerous in newborns and can lead to respiratory distress syndrome, requiring urgent therapy.

Application of Surfactants in Medicine. Surfactant preparations are used to treat respiratory disorders, including in premature infants. They help stabilize the alveoli, improve respiratory function, and reduce the risk of complications.

The use of such preparations is strictly conducted under the supervision of specialists.

Conclusion

The surfactant complex ensures the stability of the respiratory system and participates in important biochemical processes. Understanding its role helps improve the methods of therapy for respiratory diseases and develop new approaches to restoring lung function.