Stomach acidity

Stomach acidity — is a key indicator that determines the ability of gastric juice to effectively break down food and protect the body from pathogens.

The main component of gastric juice is hydrochloric acid, which provides a very low pH.

A normal acidity level is necessary for the activation of digestive enzymes, absorption of proteins, minerals, and vitamins, as well as for maintaining a healthy stomach microflora.

Normal acidity values

Acidity is measured on the pH scale, where low values indicate high acidity.

In a healthy person, the pH of gastric juice ranges between 1.5 and 3.5; however, the level can change throughout the day under the influence of food intake, hormones, and the overall state of the body.

Factors affecting acidity. Many factors can temporarily or permanently change the acidity of gastric juice:

• dietary habits, the amount of protein, spiciness, and fats;
• stressful situations and chronic emotional tension;
• medication use, such as antacids, NSAIDs, or proton pump inhibitors;
• stomach and intestinal diseases, including gastritis and infections.

Consequences of acidity disorders

Both increased and decreased acidity can lead to digestive system disorders.

Hyperacidity (increased acidity):

• heartburn and burning sensation behind the sternum;
• irritation and inflammation of the mucosa — gastritis;
• increased risk of developing peptic ulcers.

Hypoacidity (decreased acidity):

• slowed digestion and a feeling of heaviness;
• reduced absorption of vitamins B12, iron, magnesium, zinc;
• increased risk of bacterial infections due to insufficient acid protection.

How to maintain normal acidity

For harmonious stomach function, moderate and stable digestive conditions are necessary:

1. regular meals in small portions 4–5 times a day;
2. avoiding overeating and excessively heavy dishes;
3. reducing the intake of coffee, alcohol, and carbonated drinks;
4. maintaining emotional balance and moderate physical activity.

The nature of the diet significantly influences the acidity level. A high-carbohydrate diet, especially one based on refined products and insufficient protein intake, reduces the stimulation of gastric parietal cells.

Since animal protein is the main trigger for hydrochloric acid production, infrequent consumption of meat products gradually decreases HCl secretion, leading to an increase in the pH of gastric juice.

A prolonged low-protein diet can contribute to the development of hypoacidity, impaired digestion, and worsened absorption of key nutrients — iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and vitamin B12.

This creates conditions for excessive bacterial growth, increased gas formation, bloating, and intestinal infections, as insufficient hydrochloric acid weakens the stomach’s natural defense mechanisms.

People following vegetarian or vegan diets often experience decreased stomach acidity, especially when combining a high proportion of carbohydrates with low amounts of fats and proteins. This not only slows digestion but also increases the risk of nutritional deficiencies, requiring dietary adjustments and, if necessary, additional digestive support.

Conclusion

Stomach acidity — is an important foundation for healthy digestion, affecting the functioning of the entire gastrointestinal tract. A balanced diet, proper daily routine, and reducing stress influence help maintain optimal pH levels.

If discomfort, heartburn, or digestive disturbances occur, it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner to clarify the causes and choose appropriate treatment.