Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder in which the ovaries produce an excessive amount of androgens (male hormones), leading to disruptions in ovulation, menstrual cycles, and metabolism.

The condition is accompanied by insulin resistance and increased insulin production, which exacerbates hormonal imbalance and hinders follicle maturation.

Causes of PCOS Development

PCOS is a polyetiological condition, meaning it has multiple causes. The main ones include:

• insulin resistance and elevated insulin levels;
• imbalance of leptin, cortisol, and thyroid hormones;
• deficiency of magnesium, zinc, vitamins D, B6, and B12;
• stress and chronic elevated cortisol levels;
• hereditary predisposition;
• high levels of inflammation and oxidative stress.

How PCOS Develops

With elevated insulin levels, ovarian cells begin to produce more testosterone. Excess androgens disrupt the ovulation process, causing follicles not to rupture and turn into small cysts. This leads to anovulatory cycles, infertility, acne, increased hair growth, and difficulties in weight control.

Main Symptoms

Symptoms of PCOS depend on the degree of hormonal imbalance, but the most characteristic signs include:

• irregular or absent menstrual cycle;
• fertility issues due to lack of ovulation;
• oily skin, acne, male-pattern hair loss;
• increased hair growth on the face, chest, and abdomen;
• excess weight, especially in the abdominal area;
• fatigue, cravings for sweets, mood swings;
• difficulties in losing weight with standard diets.

Consequences of Untreated PCOS

Without correction, PCOS can lead to complications:

• metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes;
• fatty liver disease (fat accumulation in the liver);
• endometrial hyperplasia and increased risk of uterine cancer;
• depression, anxiety, and chronic fatigue syndrome;
• increased cardiovascular risks.

Approach to Treatment and Correction

PCOS therapy aims to restore insulin sensitivity, normalize hormonal levels, and support ovulation.

Main directions include:

• low glycemic index diet, avoiding sugar and flour;
• high-protein diet and adequate intake of healthy fats (Omega-3, choline, lecithin);
• correction of deficiencies in magnesium, zinc, vitamin D, B6, and inositol;
• regular physical activity and strength training;
• normalization of sleep and reduction of stress levels;
• if necessary, herbal therapy (Vitex agnus-castus, berberine, myrrh, cinnamon);
• medication as needed (metformin, progesterone, adaptogens).

Conclusion

PCOS is not only a hormonal but also a metabolic disorder. It cannot be eliminated with a single pill; a comprehensive approach is required: nutrition, correction of deficiencies, normalization of sleep, hormonal and carbohydrate metabolism.

With timely restoration of metabolism and reduction of insulin resistance, the cycle and ovulation often restore naturally.